An Optimal Routing Protocol Using a Multiverse Optimizer Algorithm for Wireless Mesh Network

Wireless networks, particularly Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs), are undergoing a significant change as a result of wireless technology advancements and the Internet's rapid expansion. Mesh routers, which have limited mobility and serve as the foundation of WMN, are made up of mesh clients and form the core of WMNs. Mesh clients can with mesh routers to create a client mesh network. Mesh clients can be either stationary or mobile. To properly utilise the network resources of WMNs, a topology must be designed that provides the best client coverage and network connectivity. Finding the ideal answer to the WMN mesh router placement dilemma will resolve this issue MRP-WMN. Since the MRP-WMN is known to be NP-hard, approximation methods are frequently used to solve it. This is another reason we are carrying out this task. Using the Multi-Verse Optimizer algorithm, we provide a quick technique for resolving the MRP-WMN (MVO). It is also proposed to create a new objective function for the MRP-WMN that accounts for the connected client ratio and connected router ratio, two crucial performance indicators. The connected client ratio rises by an average of 16.1%, 12.5%, and 6.9% according to experiment data, when the MVO method is employed to solve the MRP-WMN problem, the path loss falls by 1.3, 0.9, and 0.6 dB when compared to the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), correspondingly

Electrochemical Nanoengineered Sensors in Infectious Disease Diagnosis

This chapter reports a short review on electrochemical nanoengineered biosensors in infectious disease diagnosis. Early and timely diagnosis of infectious diseases has tremendous medical and social significance which advocates the development of new diagnostic tools. In this chapter, we discussed various electrochemical sensors for detection and diagnosis of tropical or subtropical fevers particularly dengue fever and malaria parasite. We also addressed the several important aspects of biosensors, namely, selectivity, sensitivity, and interference, and also the effect of engineering the nanomaterials (0D, 1D, 2D) on these aspects. In detail, we discussed the various techniques to immobilize the biomolecules on working electrode (glassy carbon, gold electrode, flexible substrates). Further, we discussed the several miniaturized sensing platforms with integrated microfluidic channels which can ensure for development of sensors for point-of-care applications